The Methana volcano peninsula is situated approximately southwest of Athens in Greece.
Geological history
The
Methana (Μέθανα) peninsula contains some 32
volcanoes, including the Methana volcano, that are mostly andesitic and dacitic
. The volcanic activity in the peninsula began 1 million years ago and continued sporadically until 300 years ago. The last eruptions took place in 1700 at a submarine volcano north of
Kameni Chora. On land there is also the historic
lava dome of
Kameni Chora that erupted in 230 BC. In August 1922 there were numerous reports of a possible eruption in the Kaimeno Vouno crater, however, this still remains unconfirmed. Methana is in the northwestern part of the group of
Cycladic volcanoes that are considered active (
Milos,
Santorini and
Nisyros). The rocks are mostly
and
. On
Methana there are
thermal springs and
Mofetta (gas exhalations). Methana is cut by many tectonic faults, and so it is an area in high danger of
earthquakes. The major fault cuts the town of Methana from west to east.
Archaeological history
The
Methana peninsula has been inhabited since about 10,000 BC. The first settlements were founded about 6,000 BC. Excavations have brought to light a village and
sanctuary from
Helladic period times near the town of
Methana at the chapel of Sts. Constantine & Helen. Items dating from about 1500–1200 BC are preserved in the museums of
Poros island and in Piraeus Archaeological museum in Athens. There were ancient sanctuaries in
Geometric art times, about 800–700 BC, such as the Geometric temple near Kounoupitsa village. There are also two ancient
Acropolis (Paliocastro acropolis and Oga acropolis) and many ancient farm sites. The ancient writers
Ovid,
Strabo and Pausanias described the historic eruption of the volcano dome near the village of Kameni Chora in the northwestern part of the Methana peninsula.
Pausanias also described hot springs after the eruption. Later there were many new buildings and sanctuaries founded near the village Vathy, at the Paliocastro hill and around it. Methana was also the site of a
base called Arsinoe.
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